IS 1060 : Part 4 : Sec 4 : 2024/ISO 2469 : 2024 Methods of Sampling and Test for Paper and Allied Products - Part 4 Methods of Test for Paper, Board and Pulp - Section 4 Measurement of Diffuse Radiance Factor (Diffuse Reflectance Factor)
| ICS 85.040; 85.060 | CHD 15 |
NATIONAL FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 4/Sec 4) (First Revision) which is identical to ISO 2469 : 2024 'Paper, board and pulps - Measurement of diffuse radiance factor (diffuse reflectance factor)' issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of the Paper and its Products Sectional Committee and approval of the Chemical Division Council.
The spectral diffuse radiance factor or the weighted diffuse radiance factor is often used to characterize optical properties of pulp, paper and board such as ISO brightness (diffuse blue radiance factor) and the luminance factor. The diffuse radiance factor or diffuse reflectance factor is also used as the basis for calculating optical properties, such as opacity, colour, whiteness, effective residual ink concentration (ERIC number) and the Kubelka-Munk scattering and absorption coefficients.
The radiance factor is dependent on the conditions of measurement, particularly the spectral and geometric characteristics of the instrument used. Therefore, it is essential to specify the characteristics of the instrument and its calibration procedure.
The diffuse radiance factor is the sum of the reflected radiance factor and the luminescent radiance factor. The luminescent radiance factor of a luminescent (fluorescent) object depends on the spectral power distribution of the illumination. Hence, it is essential to adjust the instrument's UV-content in the illumination to produce the same amount of fluorescence for a fluorescent reference standard as the selected CIE illuminant and as the fluorescent objects. A standard was therefore required to also provide a description of the use of these fluorescent reference standards and the measurement of the properties of the materials containing fluorescent whitening agents.
The Committee responsible for formulating this standard decided to describes the general procedure for measuring the diffuse radiance factor of all types of pulp, paper and board. More particularly, the characteristics of the equipment to be used for such measurements and the procedures to be used for calibrating that equipment.
ISO has published test method standards related to paper, pulp and board under three broad categories namely 'Paper, board and pulps', 'Paper and board' and 'Pulps'. Related Indian Standards published in IS 1060 (Parts 1, 2 and 3) 'Methods of sampling and test for paper and allied products' and IS 6213 series of standards published for 'Methods of test for pulps' are widely recognized and used in India. To maintain consistency with the prevailing international practices and to retain the existing test methods series, the Committee responsible for formulating this standard decided to harmonize the methods of tests prescribed in IS 1060 series and IS 6213 series with those published by ISO and publish these adopted test methods standards in subsequent parts/sections of IS 1060 series or IS 6213 series.
Other parts of IS 1060 series on 'Methods of sampling and test for paper and allied products' in which related Indian standards have been published are:
Part 5 Methods of test for paper and board
Part 6 Methods of test for paper
Part 7 Methods of test for board
Part 4 Methods of test for paper, board and pulp
This section of IS 1060 (Part 4) describes the general procedure for measuring the diffuse radiance factor of all types of pulp, paper and board. The other sections of IS 1060 (Part 4) are:
Sec 1 Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples
Sec 2 Determination of residue (ash) on ignition at 525 °C
Sec 3 Determination of residue (ash) on ignition at 900 °C
Sec 7 Determination of pH of aqueous extracts - Hot extraction method
Sec 8 Determination of water-soluble chlorides
Sec 9 Determination of water-soluble sulfates
Sec 10 Determination of total chlorine and organically bound chlorine
Sec 11 Determination of acid soluble magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, sodium and potassium
Sec 12 Determination of cadmium content - Atomic absorption spectrometric method
Sec 13 Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor - Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness) (first revision)
This standard was first published in 2014 by identical adoption of ISO 2469 : 2007, 'Paper, board and pulps - Measurement of diffuse radiance factor' under dual numbering. ISO 2469 : 2007 has been revised into ISO 2469 : 2024. The first revision has been undertaken in order to adopt the latest version of ISO 2469.
In this revision, the following changes have been made:
a) Introduction of the method for calibrating to the CIE illuminant C and to the CIE standard illuminant D65, in addition to the procedure for calibration of the non-fluorescent part of the spectrum;
b) Addition of limit values for brightness and whiteness to check the performance of the calibration (as it is reported for non-fluorescence calibration);
c) Addition of effective residual ink concentration (ERIC number) to the list of optical properties based on reflectance and radiance measurements in the introduction;
d) Update of Annex C in order to reflect the revised version of ISO 4094;
e) Update of bibliography; and
f) Editorial revision.
The text of ISO standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard without deviations. Certain conventions are however not identical to those used in Indian Standards. Attention is particularly drawn to the following:
a) Wherever the words 'International Standard' appear referring to this standard, they should be read as 'Indian Standard'; and
b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practice is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.